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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare case fatality rates (CFRs) and odds for mortality by risk factors of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico, before, during and after the implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination programme. STUDY DESIGN: A large database including COVID-19 monitoring cases was used to perform an observational retrospective study. METHODS: The Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to data from COVID-19-positive patients in Mexico. Data were analysed over 3 years, 2020, 2021 and 2022, corresponding with pre-, during and post-vaccination periods. The unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in each of the years. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in CFR and odds ratio were found in the studied years, favouring postvaccination period. Significant changes in CFR by age, sex and main comorbidities indicated changes in the epidemic dynamics after the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The likelihood of death increased for hospitalised cases and for patients who were middle-aged or older in 2021 and 2022, whereas the odds of death associated with sex and comorbidities remained similar or reduced over the 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination programme during 2021 showed positive consequences on CFR. The increased odds of dying in hospitalised patients are likely to be due to the unvaccinated proportion of patients.
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COVID-19 , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines , Immunization Programs , Mexico/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Vaccination , AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Flu is generally benign, although it can sometimes cause serious complications. The goal of the study was to describe the frequency, clinical evolution and complications of influenza in a PICU during five epidemic seasons. METHOD(S): Retrospective observational study of patients with influenza diagnosis admitted to PICU between 2015 and 2022. Demographic variables, morbidity, virus serotype, treatments, mortality and length of the PICU stay, were collected. RESULT(S): Twenty-five patients were admitted into the PICU for influenza, with a median age of 2 (IQR 2 - 6.5) years;52% were male and 40% had associated morbidity. Influenza A accounted for 80%, influenza B 12% and co-infection influenza A+B 8%. Bacterial co-infection was present in 20%, with the most common organisms being streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes. We observed complications in 80% (sepsis/septic shock, bacterial pneumonia, pleural effusion, myocarditis, supraventricular tachycardia and seizures);64% received antibiotic therapy and 40% Oseltamivir. Non-invasive respiratory support was required in 48%, mechanical ventilation in 28% and inotropicvasopressor drugs in 20%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no admissions for Influenza in the 2020-2021 season, and the first admission occurred in March 2022. Twenty-four months free of influenza were observed. During the study period, median PICU stay was 2 days [IQR 2 - 6.5]. Three children died (12%). CONCLUSION(S): We observed a high rate of complications and mortality, especially during the last SARS-COV-2 prepandemic season, since then we have only had 1 mild case admitted. Preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 have probably contributed to reducing Influenza transmission.
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Background: health workers are the ones who remained on the front line of the response to COVID-19, so they were in greater danger in situations of potential exposure. Objective: to characterize health workers sick with COVID-19, from March 2020 to September the 30th, 2021, according to sociodemographic and epidemiological variables. to characterize sociodemographically and epidemiologically health workers sick with COVID-19, from March 2020 to September the 30th, 2021. Methods: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Cienfuegos. The universe was made up of all health workers diagnosed with COVID-19, during the study period. The variables were: age, sex, municipality of origin, occupational profile, clinical status at diagnosis, source of infection. The primary source for obtaining information was the database of the Health Surveillance Department of the Provincial Health Directorate. The processing was done using SPSS version 21.0. Results: the months with the highest diagnosis were July and August. The female sex was the most represented and the age groups of 25-34 and 45-54 years old. The Cienfuegos municipality was the one with the highest number of cases. Doctors and nurses were the most represented. The possible source of infection was extrainstitutional. 83.7% of the total cases showed some symptom. Conclusions: the largest number of health workers were infected in the peak months of the pandemic, but in most of them the infection occurred extra-institutionally.
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This chapter discusses the bicycle boom in Buenos Aires during the pandemic to analyse new cycling practices as alternative mobility. In the last 2 years, there has been a significant increase in the use of bicycles, followed by the growth of infrastructure in the city as an effect of the sanitary policies to face COVID-19. The restriction on public transport pushed the use of various modes of private transport such as cars, bikes, and motorbikes. Based on daily observations of cycle paths, this study highlights transformations of a particular type of daily mobility: moving to school, especially how parents carry their young children on bikes. Transporting kids on bicycle has become more visible and it can be done in a number of ways intersected with skills, social class, gender, among other factors. Here, the word “alternative” means situations such as improvisation, creativity, scarcity, necessity, and urgency showing that people can use bikes in different ways. We argue that cycling emerged as an alternative to public transport that was considered a risky environment for the spread of the disease. Although it is valued as a form of sustainable mobility, actual practices face uneven mobilities, including risks for children. However, they render interesting socio-technological configurations and social relations regarding how we move in relation to objects and passengering. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Maria Alice de Faria Nogueira;individual chapters, the contributors.
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The informational behavior of students and professors of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (FESZ) of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) during the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, is studied in the Biblioteca Digital UNAM (BIDI UNAM) before the total closure of libraries, which limited the consultation of printed books and journals. A quantitative research was carried out with the statistical data analysis technique from the access logs to the BIDI UNAM, wich in total included 15,597 accesses, compared to two periods, before and during the pandemic, obtaining as a result an increase in accesses, in addition to the promotion of information literacy strategies for the use and exploitation of information resources, which can be integrated into the teaching and learning processes, strengthening the educational model of the FESZ.
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The Law career at the Universidad Regional Autonoma de los Andes, within its curriculum, placed the subject Action Research in the second academic period. For its development, it incorporated practical actions in the teaching-learning process, strategies of formative research, which from the total virtuality in times of pandemic by COVID-19, is a bit paradoxical. The purpose of the research is focused on making a qualitative assessment of the formation of research competences in students who took the subjects from May 2020 to March 2021 in full virtuality. The methodology applied is based on participatory action research with a tendency to the qualitative modality, from the interactions of the researcher with the students in two academic periods, applying in-depth interviews, participant observation and analysis of the products of synchronous and asynchronous activities. The research showed that the formation of research competences had significant impacts on the technical, methodological and social dimensions, in addition to maintaining stability in the propaedeutic and epistemological dimensions. The actions were increased from the virtuality that allowed a deepening of the bibliographic and documentary studies, as well as to identify the need for corroboration in the practice of activities that were prevented by the complex situation of pandemic by COVID-19, and that were empirically supported from the interview and virtual surveys, as well as from the results of audiovisual materials consulted.
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The Mexico-UK Sub-Millimetre Camera for AsTronomy (MUSCAT) is a 1.1-mm band receiver consisting of 1,500 single-colour lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors and is scheduled for deployment to the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. MUSCAT is designed to utilise the full field of view of the LMT's upgraded 50-m primary mirror (approximately 4'). Here we will present the as-measured performance of MUSCAT from the final lab-verification testing prior to shipping to the LMT. We will also explain the overall design of MUSCAT including the novel technologies utilised-such as continuous cooling using sorption coolers and a miniature dilutor, and horn-coupled LEKIDs-for which MUSCAT will provide a first on-sky demonstration.
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The challenges of university processes in times of emergency in history do not refer to substantial changes until March 2020 with the appearance of the new SARS COV-19 coronavirus. The substantive processes in higher education institutions have undergone transformations in their conceptions and methodologies, in the case of the academy, in the development of classes with the virtual modality, these changes have been extremely renovating in some cases and in others of assumption of some semi-presential and distance modalities. The main purpose is to describe the process of virtuality in classes and their interactions between teachers and students, at first with the COVID 19 state of emergency, and to induce prospective elements of these experiences in a POST-COVID 19 scenario. This research explores and describes the main ways in which teachers interact with students and vice versa, in the development of classes, under the study and analysis of the sample of research subjects taught by the authors in the Law program at the Puyo branch of Uniandes, based on a virtual survey conducted after the first month of the new modality. The main results point to an understanding of graduating the interactions and the depth of these in terms of content and permanent evaluations of all the subjects of the curriculum, and the decisions to opt for the appropriate virtual resources.
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The current times of higher education in the world, with the appearance of the new Sars-Cov-2 virus, and its incidence in the Covid-19 disease that has disrupted the planet, have been, are and will be difficult for its new organization, planning, execution, control, evaluation and feedback. The substantive functions and their essential interrelations have also been affected and somewhat chaotic at first. As part of these, formative research - a trend that affects the interrelation of academia with research - has had to reinvent itself when it comes to understanding the spaces and times of interaction, and especially the modeling of forms of organization, not different but if differentiating in their conception and application. The present work promotes, from the point of view of participatory action research, with an exploratory and descriptive scope, the ways of interaction of formative research, from the curricular development of the subjects of the field of training of epistemology and methodology of the research in the Law career of the Universidad Regional Autonoma de los Andes. The application of proposals of forms of organization of the teaching-learning process is carried out, totally virtual, through the conceptions of formative research, which exposes partial results that denote the functionality and importance of the above with the influence of its own novelties of the virtual platform Moodle and those of videoconferences, prioritizing Microsoft Teams and Zoom.
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In this article, the representative of ASUD presents the association by inscribing it in the development of the harm reduction policy in France. Then he shares with us what lockdown has been like for this historical group of self-supporting drug users and ex-users. He looks back on the lessons learned from this experience. Faithful to his protest image, he concludes by expressing the requests that this association would like to see carried out in the aftermath of this pandemic.
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Films are a cultural experience to understand reality. But reality is complex and multidimensional;incomprehensible without the moral dimension of the facts that we have in front of our eyes. Narrative ethics allows us to imagine the moral background of all the processes that accompany health and disease in the individual and in the collective, in the biological and in the social. The film Contagion (Sodelberg, 2011) is a disturbing reflection on the global consequences of an infectious disease in terms of the uncertainty it produces and the fear and lack of control it arouses. More than its predictive value on the COVID-19 pandemic, its greatest success is to exemplify the behavior of pandemics in an interconnected and globalized world. The narration of this film invites us to reflect on how to manage, from a public morality, great health crises. Only the search for the common good can hinder individual freedom, only autonomy understood as relational can weave a fabric of shared responsibilities, only public deliberation can be translated into trust towards institutions. © 2020 Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Universitat de Girona. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: COVID-19 is the disease caused by the infection of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus which was discovered at the end of 2019 in China and has caused millions of patients worldwide. Objective: To describe the work characteristics related to digestive endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: A bibliographic review was carried out using bibliographic databases, guides and search engines. Information from national and international sites was used. The quality and validity of the selected articles were analyzed. Development: The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been determined by several routes, the respiratory one being the most accepted in which there is a generation of aerosols that are also produced through endoscopic procedures. For this reason, different guidelines and care protocols have been established to perform safe endoscopies for patients and endoscopy personnel. Conclusions: In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention is the most important strategy, putting the world's health systems to the test and implementing adjusted forms of medical care to prevent the spread of the disease in patients and healthcare personnel. © 2020 Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Hab. All rights reserved.